
Can "sugar" have "the" in front of it?

Short version, yes.
You wouldn't find "Can you pass me the sugar?" to be unusual would you?

I don't know. "The" sounds a bit odd. But I'm not native...

It's fine, IMO.

Well you can take my word on "Can you pass me the sugar?". ;-)
In a sentence like "I don't like to eat sugar." there wouldn't normally be a 'the'.
In a sentence like "He reached out for the sugar." it is referring to a sugar pot or sugar dispenser on the table. "The sugar" can be considered as an abbreviation of "the sugar dispenser". Alternatively, you could think of "the sugar" as being in contrast to "the salt" and "the pepper" that are also on the table.

Well here it is:
http://tatoeba.org/eng/sentences/show/507360
Fix at will.
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