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Sentence #86800

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JimBreen JimBreen September 6, 2020 September 6, 2020 at 6:52:40 AM UTC link Permalink

I have a question about the change to this sentence. I understood 遅れる and 後れる mean the same - that's what all the dictionaries say. Also looking at similar phrases in the Google n-grams, the counts indicate that the versions with 遅れる are significantly more common:
非常に後れている 71
非常に遅れている 3088
勉強が後れている 20
勉強が遅れている 611
Can you explain why you made the change?

bunbuku bunbuku September 6, 2020 September 6, 2020 at 11:18:09 PM UTC link Permalink

三省堂 大辞林 第三版
[表記] おくれる(遅・後)

「遅れる」は、ある時間よりあとになる。間に合わない。遅くなる、の意。
「電車が遅れる」「学校に遅れる」「この時計は少し遅れる」

「後れる」は、後になる。取り残される。劣る、の意。
「時勢に後れる」「夫に後れる」「瞬発力で彼に後れる」

I think 後れる should be used for "behind".
Probably many people are confused which one is correct to use.

https://nihon-go.jp/%E3%80%8C%E...80%8D%E3%80%82

JimBreen JimBreen September 7, 2020 September 7, 2020 at 3:32:34 AM UTC link Permalink

Thanks. I hadn't noticed that explanation at the bottom of the (quite long) 大辞林 entry. It makes sense. I see also that the Kenkyusha 新和英大辞典第5版 uses the 後れる in its examples for the "fall behind", etc. senses. Some of the other Japanese-English dictionaries just use 遅れる for all the senses.
We have over 450 sentences using 遅れる or おくれる, and quite a few probably could have 後れる instead.

CK CK September 7, 2020 September 7, 2020 at 3:56:19 AM UTC link Permalink

This is search of wwwjdic.csv with "behind" in the English and "遅れ" in Japanese.

[#77466] 列車は定刻より遅れている。
[#326253] The trains are running behind time.

[#77488] 列車は十分遅れて到着した。
[#326231] The train arrived ten minutes behind time.

[#77492] 列車は今日は十分遅れている。
[#326227] The train is ten minutes behind today.

[#77515] 列車はほとんど1時間遅れていた。
[#279207] The train was almost an hour behind time.

[#77526] 列車は10分遅れて到着した。
[#326191] The train arrived ten minutes behind schedule.

[#79010] 予定より少し遅れて成田に到着した。
[#324707] We landed at Narita a little behind schedule.

[#79008] 予定より遅れてます。
[#324705] It's behind schedule.

[#79375] 友人についていくことができなかったので、とうとう彼は、遅れてしまった。
[#324342] Unable to keep up with his friends, he fell behind at last.

[#83881] 服装のこととなると彼女は時代に遅れている。
[#319835] She is behind the times when it comes to clothes.

[#85680] 飛行機は1時間遅れて離陸した。
[#318033] The plane took off one hour behind time.

[#93761] 彼女は、家賃の支払いが遅れている。
[#309946] She is behind in her rent.

[#98495] 彼らの考え方は時代遅れだ。
[#305206] Their way of thinking is behind the times.

[#99400] 彼は約束の時間に5分ほど遅れてやってきた。
[#304298] He came five minutes behind the appointed time.

[#109700] 彼は英語の授業で遅れをとった。
[#293990] He fell behind in his English class.

[#115590] 彼は、英語がクラスのなかでかなり遅れている。
[#288080] He is rather behind the rest of his class in English.

[#116133] 彼の方法は時代遅れだ。
[#287536] He's behind the times in his methods.

[#116334] 彼の髪型は時代遅れだ。
[#287335] His hair style is behind the time.

[#124786] 電車はほとんど一時間遅れていた。
[#279207] The train was almost an hour behind time.

[#125536] 定刻に30分も遅れるなんて。
[#278456] They're 30 minutes behind schedule.

[#126700] 遅れないようにもっと速く歩きなさい。
[#277389] Walk faster so as not to fall behind.

[#137424] 大雪のために列車は10分遅れていた。
[#275812] The train was ten minutes behind time because of heavy snow.

[#145111] 新聞を毎日読みなさい、さもないと時代遅れになりますよ。
[#269452] Read the newspaper every day, or you will get behind the times.

[#156368] 私は時勢に遅れないように毎日、新聞を読むことにしている。
[#258166] I make it a rule to read the newspaper every day lest I should fall behind the times.

[#165694] 私たちは時代遅れにならないように新聞を読む。
[#248811] We read newspapers so that we may not fall behind the times.

[#166868] 私たちの達した結論は、その政治思想は時代遅れであるということだった。
[#247634] We came to the conclusion that the ideology was behind the times.

[#168941] 始発のバスは定刻より10分遅れて出発します。
[#245547] The first bus will leave 10 minutes behind time.

[#169087] 仕事は予定より遅れている。
[#245400] Work is behind schedule.

[#174780] 言うまでもないことだが、その思想は時代遅れだ。
[#239688] It goes without saying that the ideology is behind the times.

[#185802] 我々は時代に遅れないように新聞を読むべきだ。
[#22934] We should read the newspaper so as not to lag behind the times.

[#186916] 家賃の支払いが一ヶ月遅れていますよ。
[#24053] You're a month behind with your rent.

[#190088] 一番年下の少年がハイカーの一行に遅れた。
[#27244] The youngest boy dropped behind the other hikers.

[#195189] マラソンで誰も遅れをとらなかった。
[#32363] Nobody fell behind in the marathon race.

[#196610] ベンは彼らに遅れているが、すぐに追いつくでしょう。
[#33789] Ben is behind them, but he'll soon catch up with them.

[#198104] バスは定刻より10分遅れて着いた。
[#35293] The bus arrived ten minutes behind time.

[#198353] ハイキングに行くたびに、彼は遅れをとる。
[#35545] Every time we go hiking, he falls behind.

[#199882] トムは数学でだれよりも遅れている。
[#37084] Tom is behind everybody in mathematics.

[#206200] その列車は20分の遅れです。
[#43446] The train is twenty minutes behind time.

[#206201] その列車は10分遅れていた。
[#43447] The train was ten minutes behind time.

[#208278] その態度は時代遅れだと思う。
[#45535] I think these attitudes are behind the times.

[#210619] その国の発展は日本のそれよりも遅れている。
[#47889] The development of the country is falling behind that of Japan.

[#212553] そのやり方は今や時代遅れだ。
[#49838] The method is behind the times now.

[#212732] そのバスは十分遅れで到着した。
[#35293] The bus arrived ten minutes behind time.

[#217272] コンピューターについて何も知らなければ完全に時代遅れですよ。
[#54580] If you don't know anything about computers, you're really behind the times.

[#225789] きょうはその電車が1時間近くも遅れた。
[#63126] The train was almost an hour behind schedule today.

[#230219] アメリカの学生は数学で遅れをとっている。
[#67585] American students are falling behind in math.

[#231516] あなたは約束の時間より10分遅れていますよ。
[#68883] You are ten minutes behind the appointed time.

[#231949] あなたは私の考えを時代遅れだと見なしている。
[#69317] You look upon my idea as being behind the times.

JimBreen JimBreen September 7, 2020, edited September 7, 2020 September 7, 2020 at 9:11:51 AM UTC, edited September 7, 2020 at 12:07:02 PM UTC link Permalink

Using "behind" with 遅れる is fine for cases like "behind time" and "behind schedule". I think it's the cases like "behind the times" and "fell behind in his English class" where 後れ is more likely to be used. That said, I can see examples using both 遅れ and 後れ for the "lagging" and "falling behind" senses, so it's far from regular.

bunbuku bunbuku September 7, 2020 September 7, 2020 at 8:28:29 PM UTC link Permalink

Obviously 遅れる is mostly used in any cases.
I just wanted to be strict about such 同音異義語. Maybe many people don't know 後れる should be used in some cases.

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彼女は勉強が非常に遅れている。

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彼女は勉強が非常に後れている。

edited by bunbuku, September 4, 2020