wrong reading:
行った〔おこなった〕→〔いった〕

Hello,
I'd like to know why is it that most translations refer to going somewhere (Esperanto, English, German) but some translations talk about being somewhere (Spanish, Polish). I would usually consider these pretty different. Is there something behind it?
Thank you in advance.

You can't always translate word for word and get the most natural result. Somtimes languages express certain ideas in a given speech situation differently. Language and one's way to think are inseparably intertwined with each other, and they are not the same for all people.

I would prefer the "I was there yesterday" variant in German, but in Japanese one would certainly prefer to say that one "went there". So some languages merely focus on the (essential) fact that you visited a certain place, while others say that you went there (and consequently spent some time there) and still others might even want to specify whether you came back or not. :)

There may be languages where you can always choose, and speakers of those languages may be surprised to hear that there can be (somewhat fuzzy) preferences in other languages. :)

I don’t think the Spanish one (fui ayer) is any different from the English one or the Esperanto one
Can’t testify about the other languages

"I was there" and "I went there" definitely don't describe the same thing, not even vaguely. Just think of a scenario that an accident happened and you are interrogated. Which sentence would fit? Just "I was there", not "I went there".
As far as I could investigate, there is nothing phrasal about the Polish sentence, I can say the same for the Hungarian. I eventually get Polish to Hungarian translations based on the Tatoeba corpus so technically, Japanese or Esperanto are just fun facts for me. I just suspected something happened during the translation that isn't necessarily justified in many of these languages.