This is linked to 雨降って地固まる, for which I have added a new English translation. Is it correctly linked now? Should it go with the (former) English translation?

The Russian means, "The rain passes and the earth becomes still harder ("After a quarrel a friendship becomes still stronger".)" I don't think either of those two is a Russian proverb. You can decide how well that fit's the Japanese or English sentences. :)

They fit the Japanese/English quite well. Much better than the previous English version did. Thanks.

That surprises me, actually. What does the Japanese mean? Google translate says, "Adversity builds character", so I don't see how the Russian sentence fits the Japanese/English well. It's not a direct translation and it's not a corresponding proverb, but rather something that looks like a proverb with the same meaning, but which isn't a proverb (first Russian sentence), and an "explanation" of something that was clear (it seems) already (second Russian sentence).

Anyway, I think it should at least be split into two sentences, or one of them should be moved to a comment, right?

I think Russian «Дождь проходит и земля еще больше твердеет» is a translation of Japanese, and the meaning in parentheses is an explanation.

I think this should be broken into two translations.

а я бы посоветовала поменять еще на ещё.

Whatever. Just don't muck up the Japanese/English pair.

проходит и -> проходит, и