Duran bey. İngilizcesi "Sen bir daha gelir misin?" demiyor. Bir şeyi duymayınca ya da bir şeyi duyup inanmayınca, "come again?" diyebiliyorsunuz. Daha "effendim?" diye bir anlamı var.

In fact I don't read all the sentences written in different languages and English variations.If I did, I could understand it meant "what did you say?"(Ne dedin?) Or Pardon or efendim. Thank you. I think English is your mother language. Can you explain "what is called" to me with a lot of examples and its synonyms.
There are a lot of sentences in Tatoeba. Yo can find some sentences. I look forward to your answer. Take care.

Evet, anadilimdir. By "what is called" do you mean for example:
"That is what is called a monopoly"? If so, other ways of saying it (in decreasing order of directness) would be:
"You/I/We call that a monopoly!"
"That is what you call a monopoly", or
"That is what you could call a monopoly", or
"That is what you might say is a monopoly", or
"That is what might be called a monopoly".
It is quite often used when the hearer probably already knows that it's a monopoly (or whatever), but the speaker is emphasising (sometimes - though not necessarily - in a condescending way) that the facts point to this being a monopoly, even if the hearer doesn't think so.
But it could also be used in an explanatory way, "that is what is called 'photosynthetic pigmentation'", so it doesn't always assume the hearer knows what it means. In either usage, the speaker certainly has no doubt about the meaning.

My sense of sözde is that the speaker is not taking responsibility - he is saying with sözde that "people say that", but with "what is called", the speaker definitely shares the opinion. But I don't know sözde that well :)
Belki "ona ... denir/diyebiliyorsunuz/diyoruz" uygun olabilir?
Hope that helps.

Thank you. I asked a few friends at Tatoeba before you. According to the answers I took from them I translated it as "sözde" But your answer is different, more understandable. Thank you. I have got one more request. Could you rewrite some sentences with "what is called" and "what you call" from Tatoeba with other ways of saying. Thank you in advance. Take care.Ex: He is what is called an absent-minded student.

Indeed, by "what is called" the speaker definitely shares the opinion (excuse me for joining the conversation ;-)).

What is the actual meaning of "sözde"?

"Sözde" means "so-called","supposed"
Ex: He is so-called my friend, but he didn't help me with my work. Normally I expected him to help me do my work.Because he is my friend and friends should help each other.
"So called" means "sözde,sözüm ona,güya".
Can you write a few sentences with "what is called" and "what you call" and their explanations in English, please? Does it have the same meaning in all the sentences? Take care.

Eldad - welcome to the conversation - the more the merrier!
"He is my so-called boyfried" could not be paraphrased as "He is what is called a boyfriend". So-called implies that he's not living up to the name/label. "He is what is called a boyfriend" could be paraphrased:
- He is a boyfriend.
- He's doing what boyfriends do.
- People who do those sorts of things are called boyfriends.
- We label a person like that a 'boyfriend'.
- You may or may not believe me, but that is a boyfriend.
- That's what we call a boyfriend.
- Argue with me if you like, but that sort of behaviour makes me believe he is a boyfriend.
- Surely you can see he is a boyfriend?
- Come on, all the evidence points to him being a boyfriend.

The Turkish denilmek, adlandırmak, or even a colloquial "hatta" could be appropriate?

"There is no thinking without what is called 'association of ideas.'" What does "what is called" mean in this sentence? Thank you for everything. Take care.

It means "what we label", "what is named". It's implying that the speaker is educating/explaining. "There is no thinking without associated of ideas" is just a plain statement. But with "what is called" it means the speaker doesn't expect the listener to know the meaning of "association of ideas". Or the speaker is trying to explaining its meaning, just to make sure the hearer does understand.

It could be a bit like "dediğimiz" in Turkish. "Dediğimiz fikir çağrışımı olmadan, düşünmek olmaz"... perhaps?

Thank you very much indeed. As far as I can understand, "what you call" means "dediğiniz", "what is called" means "denilen".
Take care.

Thank you very much, duran, for your yesterday explanations, and also thank you wwkudu, for your very illuminating additions. I was a bit busy yesterday, so I didn't reply.

A pleasure. Take care:)